Which of the following best exemplifies "moonlighting" as a conflict of interest?

The concept of "moonlighting" typically refers to an individual holding a second job, especially one that may create a conflict of interest with their primary employment. Holding a job with another company that competes directly with the primary employer clearly exemplifies this, as it raises concerns about loyalty, confidentiality, and potential misuse of proprietary knowledge.

When an employee works for a competing organization, they may have access to sensitive information, trade secrets, or strategic plans which could be improperly used for personal gain or to benefit the competing company. This situation underlines a direct conflict of interest, as the individual’s obligations to their primary employer could be compromised.

In contrast, working overtime at the same company does not pose the same ethical dilemmas or potential conflicts, as it involves additional hours within the same organizational context. Volunteering for a nonprofit organization is typically seen as a positive endeavor, and unless the nonprofit organization competes in some way with the employer's interests, it wouldn’t typically represent a conflict. Using company resources for side projects may raise ethical concerns but does not encapsulate the notion of moonlighting in the same way as holding a competitive job does.