Which of these is an adult learner's preference in the learning process?

The preference for self-directed and self-designed learning projects highlights the characteristics of adult learners who often bring unique experiences, knowledge, and motivations to the learning process. Adults tend to appreciate having control over their learning, allowing them to tailor their educational experiences to meet their individual needs and goals.

Self-directed learning fosters engagement by enabling learners to set their own objectives, choose relevant resources, and develop practical skills through application. This approach aligns well with adult education theories that emphasize experiential learning and the importance of connecting new information to existing knowledge.

In contrast, options such as strict instructor-led sessions, memorization without application, and passive absorption of information do not align with the preferences of adult learners, who typically prefer to engage actively with the material and apply what they learn to real-life scenarios. Thus, self-directed and self-designed learning is essential for catering to the adult learner's preference in the educational environment.